Ressurrection of the body versus immortality of the soul

This picture depicts the resurrection day and the belief that some Christians have that when people die their souls remain in the grave until the last day when the dead will be raised and given new resurrection bodies.
Stanley Spencer painted many pictures of his home village Cookham in Berkshire. These paintings capture Spencer's own peculiar vision of Christianity. This painting is of the church yard at Cookham on resurrection day. Look carefully and you will see the figure of Christ in the church doorway with God the Father behind him. Various of the dead are rising up out of their graves. Spencer himself is the naked figure leaning against a tomb stone in the centre of the painting. His girlfriend Hilda is the woman lying amongst the ivy.

Revising Christian attitudes to life after death
Questions about belief in life after death are not easy. To help your revision, focus on learning the two key terms, resurrection of the body and immortality of the soul.

• resurrection of the body = the belief that after death the body stas in the grave until the end of the world, when it is raised
• immortality of the soul = the idea that the soul lives on after the death of the body

This will help you especially if you are asked for two different Christian points of view. You also need to make sure you can spell 'resurrection' correctly.

How do christian respond to the problem of evil and suffering?

If you re asked this in the exam should begin by briefly stating what the problem of evil and suffering is (see previous post) Then you should divide your answer into two types of Christian response. Firstly what Christians believe and pray about secondly practical things that Christians do.

Belief and prayer

• Christians believe that evil and suffering is undesirable and should be fought against.
• Christians believe that prayer is an effective way of fighting evil and suffering.
• Christians believe that God has a reason for allowing pain and suffering (though we don't always know the reason)
• Christians believe that they should develp patience in life to endure suffering and that they will be rewarded in the nex life (heaven)
• Christian believe that jesus set an example of fighting evil and suffering through what he taught and by healing the sick
• Christians believe that most evil and suffering is caused by human action (free will)

Practical action

• Church services and personal prayer times will include prayers for those who suffer.
• Many Christians choose to work in caring professions (e.g. doctors, nurses) to try and reduce human suffering
• Christians have founded charities to try and reduce suffering
• A large proportion of aid and development work is carried out by Christian organisations
• Christians have always been on the frontline of bringing change in society to reduce suffering and evil (e.g. abolition of the slave trade, prison reform)

To see how one major Christian organisation is responding to the Burma crisis visit,
http://www.christianaid.org.uk/emergencies/

Burma

The death toll from the cyclone that hit Burma at the weekend is now estimated to be in the region of 22, 000. Such naturally occurring events cause untold suffering for millions of people and lead to very serious questions about the existence of a loving God.

Natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, volcanoes, drought, earthquakes and cancer are all examples of natural evil. Natural evil is not caused by humans unlike moral evil which is the result of choices that people make. All humans have free will but often make choices that cause others to suffer. War, murder and rape are all examples of moral evil. Most Christians call moral evil sin because it is contrary to the way God wants people to live and goes against the moral code of the 10 commandments.

Key words.
natural evil = things that cause suffering, but have notheng to do with humans, for example earthquakes.
moral evil = actions by humans that cause suffering

The problem of evil and suffering

Remember section one of your paper is very straightforwards. It is asking you to give answers about reasons why people do and reasons why people do not believe in God.
We have looked at some reasons why people believe in God. Now we must look at some reasons why people do not believe in God.

The problem of evil and suffering can be summarised like this,

If God is all knowing (omniscient) he knows about evil and suffering in the world
If God is all loving (benevolent) he cares about evil and suffering in the world
If God is all-powerful (omnipotent) he is able to stop evil and suffering in the world
but he does not stop evil and suffering in the world
Therefore god is either not omniscient, not benevolent, not omnipotnent or does not exist.

Beauty! Complexity! Purpose!

The world around us is so beautiful, so complex and demonstrates such purpose it can not have appeared by accident. It must have had a designer and that designer must be God. This is the argument from design.

If you want to give a specific argument from design use William Paley's argument about the watch.
If you came across a watch in a field you would not say it had appeared there by chance. The complexity and obvious purpose of the design would lead you to conclude that the watch had a designer. The universe is far more complex than a watch and we must conclude that it too had a designer. The only being who could design such a universe is God, therefore God must exist.

Listen and watch a version of Paley's argument,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c775gk1FK8

Black holes and atheists who don't know what the big bang theory is.

If you are an atheist because of the Big Bang theory please make sure you know what it is.

You may be asked in your exam, what is the Big Bang theory or you may be asked to give an account of non-religious or scientific explanations for the existence of the universe.

This is the Big Bang theory, please note it does not involve meteorites, or stars or planets or anything else crashing.

About 15 billion years ago a quantity of matter became so compressed that it caused an explosion. Our planet and the universe as we know it are fragments of that explosion. As matter was hurled out from the explosion the forces of gravity and other physical effects joined some of the matter to produce stars. Over a long period of time the solar system was created.

If you are asked how scientific theories can lead to agnosticism or atheism you need to explain how developments in science have explained things about the life and universe that used to be explained by the existence of God. If science can tell us how the world came into being we no longer need God.

(KEY WORDS. agnostic = someone who does not know whether they believe in God. atheist = someone who does not believe in God)

Some Christians believe in the Big Bang and God. How do they reconcile (bring together) both beliefs?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B1AXbpYndGc

Arguments for the existence of God

What is the link between Guinness and the First Cause Argument?

Watch the video and find the link.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYL5ws18VZ8

For your exam you need to know what causation is,
causation is the idea that everything has been caused (started off) by something else.

Secondly you need to know the First Cause Argument:

• Cause and effect is a basic feature of our world.
• If we look at anything in the world we see that it has a cause. For example, ice is caused by the temperature falling and water becoming solid at 0 degrees. Anything that has been caused to exist must have been caused to exist by something else. You could not cause yourself to exist because that would mean you had to exist before you existed (!)
• Any chain of causes and effects must have a beginning. For example you have to have water to cause ice.
• So if the universe had no first cause then there would be no universe, but there is a universe so there must be a first cause.
• The only possible first cause is God therefore God must exist.

What are the strengths of this argument?

What are the flaws in this argument?